Cadmium has earned the distinction of being called a toxic metal because even its dust can cause health problems. Despite its toxicity, cadmium is found in many workplaces. Anyone who works in place that smelts ore can be exposed to cadmium. Some batteries contain cadmium. The metal is also found in some industrial paints. Workers who are spraying or scraping paint that contains cadmium have been known to become ill. Cadmium is known by its brown fume, which is not believed to cause any ill effects.

Exposure to cadmium can result in immediate death in cases of acute exposure. This has happened to some welders who didn't know they were welding the dangerous metal. Known as a carcinogen, long term exposure can also affect the kidneys and lungs, particularly to those who have been exposed to the dust from the chemical. Short term exposure to cadmium can irritate the respiratory tract.